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Income distribution and income sources in Uruguay

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Author Info
Carlos Gradín
Máximo Rossi (Universidad de la República)

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Abstract

This paper is concerned with changes in the distribution of income sources in Uruguay after the late eighties. An apparent stability in the distribution of total incomes is hiding deep transformations affecting the generation of that income. The distribution across all income earners at the end of the eighties exhibited two well-distinguished poles, each associated with one of the main income sources: pension benefits and wages. This bimodality diminished during the nineties due to the reduction in polarization by income sources. In the same period we find that in the case of labor earnings there was a net transfer of population mass from the middle of the distribution to both extremes, which results in an increasing polarization within this income source. This phenomenon resembles the Anglo-Saxon experience of the shrinking middle class.

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File URL: http://www4.cema.edu.ar/pjae/m/128GradRossi200605
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Publisher Info
Article provided by Universidad del CEMA in its journal Journal of Applied Economics.

Volume (Year): IX (2006)
Issue (Month): (May)
Pages: 49-69
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Handle: RePEc:cem:jaecon:v:9:y:2006:n:1:p:49-69

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Related research
Keywords: income sources inequality labor market pension benefits polarization

Find related papers by JEL classification:
D33 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Factor Income Distribution
D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs

References listed on IDEAS
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  1. repec:fth:repuec:13/99 is not listed on IDEAS
  2. Chakravarty, Satya R & Majumder, Amita, 2001. "Inequality, Polarisation and Welfare: Theory and Applications," Australian Economic Papers, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 40(1), pages 1-13, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Esteban, J. & Gradin, C. & Ray, D., 1999. "Extension of a Measure of Polarization, with an Application to the Income Distribution of Five OECD Countries," Papers 24, El Instituto de Estudios Economicos de Galicia Pedro Barrie de la Maza.
  4. Yitzhaki, Shlomo & Lerman, Robert I, 1991. "Income Stratification and Income Inequality," Review of Income and Wealth, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 37(3), pages 313-29, September.
  5. D'Ambrosio, Conchita, 2001. "Household Characteristics and the Distribution of Income in Italy: An Application of Social Distance Measures," Review of Income and Wealth, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 47(1), pages 43-64, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Esteban, Joan & Ray, Debraj, 1994. "On the Measurement of Polarization," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 62(4), pages 819-51, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  7. Xiaobo Zhang & Ravi Kanbur, 2001. "What difference do polarisation measures make? an application to China," The Journal of Development Studies, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 37(3), pages 85-98, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Wang, You-Qiang & Tsui, Kai-Yuen, 2000. " Polarization Orderings and New Classes of Polarization Indices," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 2(3), pages 349-63. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Wolfson, Michael C, 1994. "When Inequalities Diverge," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 84(2), pages 353-58, May.
  10. Wolfson, Michael C, 1997. "Divergent Inequalities: Theory and Empirical Results," Review of Income and Wealth, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 43(4), pages 401-21, December.
  11. Yitzhaki, Shlomo, 1994. "Economic distance and overlapping of distributions," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 61(1), pages 147-159, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Daniel Miles & Máximo Rossi, 1999. "Geographic concentration and structure of wages in developing countries: the case of Uruguay," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers) 1399, Department of Economics - dECON.
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