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Comparing Currency Board Automatic Mechanism in Bulgaria, Estonia and Lithuania

Author

Listed:
  • Nenovsky Nikolay

    (University of National and World Economy)

  • Hristov Kalin

    (University of National and World Economy)

  • Mihaylov Mihail

    (Bulgarian National Bank, Research Department)

Abstract

The paper presents a cross-country analysis of the second generation of currency boards (CB) introduced in three East European countries: Bulgaria, Estonia and Lithuania. We focus on their institutional, legal and political characteristics which are closely associated with the operation of the automatic mechanism (AM) of currency boards. The presence of an automatic mechanism within the framework of the currency board is often cited as a major counterpoint to the "discretion and subjectivity" of a classical central bank. Since there is no precise definition of automatic mechanisms in the literature, we define it as: "the presence of a positive cointegration relationship between the balance of payments and the reserve money (or money supply) and absence of discretionary variables in the model." When discretionary variables are present in the model in one form or another, we may speak of a "mechanism for adjustment through discretion - conscious or unconscious." Within the framework of the second generation of currency boards, we reduce the channel of discretion to the presence of atypical balance sheet items and employment of a number of monetary policy instruments. We seek in this article to compare currency board automatic mechanism in Bulgaria, Estonia and Lithuania.L'article procède d'une analyse transversale par pays de la deuxième génération des "bureaux d'émission" (currency boards) introduits dans trois pays de l'Europe de l'Est. L'accent est mis sur les caractéristiques institutionnelles, juridiques et politiques qui sont étroitement associées à l'opération du mécanisme automatique (MA) des bureaux d'émission. L'existence d'un mécanisme automatique dans la structure d'un bureau d'émission est souvent mise en avant comme l'argument majeur à l'encontre de la "discrétion" et la "subjectivité" d'une banque centrale classique. Parce qu'il n'existe aucune définition précise du mécanisme automatique dans la littérature, nous la définissons comme "la présence d'une relation positive de cointégration entre la balance des paiements et les réserves monétaires (ou l'offre de monnaie) et l'absence de variables discrétionna- ires dans le modèle". Quand des variables discrétionnaires sont présentes dans le modèle sous une forme ou une autre, nous pouvons parler d'un "mécanisme d'ajustement discrétionnaire - conscient ou inconscient". Au sein de la structure de la deuxième génération des bureaux d'émission, la discrétion se réduit à la présence de postes atypiques dans le bilan et à l'emploi d'un certain nombre d'instruments de politique monétaire.L'article propose une comparaison du mécanisme automatique en Bulgarie, Estonie et Lithuanie.

Suggested Citation

  • Nenovsky Nikolay & Hristov Kalin & Mihaylov Mihail, 2001. "Comparing Currency Board Automatic Mechanism in Bulgaria, Estonia and Lithuania," Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines, De Gruyter, vol. 11(4), pages 1-44, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bpj:jeehcn:v:11:y:2001:i:4:n:2
    DOI: 10.2202/1145-6396.1031
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Minea, Alexandru & Rault, Christophe, 2011. "External monetary shocks and monetary integration: Evidence from the Bulgarian currency board," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(5), pages 2271-2281, September.
    2. Sutela, Pekka, 2001. "Managing capital flows in Estonia and Latvia," BOFIT Discussion Papers 17/2001, Bank of Finland, Institute for Economies in Transition.
    3. repec:zbw:bofitp:2001_017 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Jean-Baptiste Desquilbet & Nikolay Nenovsky, 2005. "Confiance et ajustement dans les régimes d'étalon-or et de caisse d'émission," Mondes en développement, De Boeck Université, vol. 130(2), pages 77-93.
    5. Martin N. Pazardjiev & Aleksandar Z. Vasilev, 2021. "Specificities of the Monetary Transmission Mechanism within the Bulgarian Currency Board Framework: The first five years," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 10(2), pages 57-86.
    6. Souleymane NDAO & Nikolay Nenovsky, 2020. "External Dependence of the African Franc CFA zone. Empirical Investigations on Money Supply Process," Economic Alternatives, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 3, pages 357-367, September.
    7. Muhammad Khan, 2013. "Inflation and Sectoral Output Growth Variability in Bulgaria," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 55(4), pages 687-704, December.
    8. Nenovsky Nikolay & Hristov Kalin & Mihaylov Mihail, 2001. "Comparing Currency Board Automatic Mechanism in Bulgaria, Estonia and Lithuania," Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines, De Gruyter, vol. 11(4), pages 1-44, December.
    9. Nikolay Nenovsky & E. Peev & T. Yalamov, 2003. "Banks-Firms Nexus under the Currency Board: Empirical Evidence from Bulgaria," Post-Print halshs-00259830, HAL.
    10. Dalia Grigonyté, 2003. "Impact of Currency Boards on Fiscal Policy in Central and Eastern European Countries," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 36(2), pages 111-133, June.
    11. Ivan Todorov & Mariana Usheva & Stoyan Tanchev & Petar Yurukov, 2020. "Does a discretionary policy or an automatic adjustment mechanism determine monetary conditions in Bulgaria?," Economic Thought journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 4, pages 95-114.
    12. P. Chobanov & Nikolay Nenovsky, 2004. "Money market liquidity under Currency board - empirical investigations for Bulgaria," Post-Print halshs-00259753, HAL.
    13. Jean-Baptiste Desquilbet & Nikolay Nenovsky, 2004. "Credibility and Adjustment : Gold Standards versus Currency Boards," CAE Working Papers 11, Aix-Marseille Université, CERGAM.
    14. Nikolay Nenovsky, 2010. "The Bulgarian Economic Thought since 1989: A Personal View," ICER Working Papers 21-2010, ICER - International Centre for Economic Research.
    15. Moustapha Aman, 2020. "Currency Board enjeux, mécanismes et limites," Working Papers hal-02975186, HAL.
    16. Moustapha Aman & Nikolay Nenovsky & Ismeal Mahamoud, 2014. "Le système informel de transferts de fonds et le mécanisme automatique du Currency Board : Complémentarité ou antagonisme ?," Working Papers halshs-01012133, HAL.
    17. Nikolay NENOVSKY, 2022. "Theoretical Foundations of the Dependent Monetary Regimes," Business & Management Compass, University of Economics Varna, issue 3-4, pages 113-133.
    18. Jérôme Blanc & Jean-François Ponsot, 2004. "Crédibilité et currency board : le cas lituanien," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 75(2), pages 113-127.
    19. Moustapha AMAN & Ismeal MAHAMOUD & Nikolay NENOVSKY, 2013. "Le système informel de transferts de fonds et le mécanisme automatique du Currency Board : complémentarité ou antagonisme ? Le cas des transferts des hawalas à Djibouti," LEO Working Papers / DR LEO 2249, Orleans Economics Laboratory / Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orleans (LEO), University of Orleans.

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