IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bpj/glecon/v18y2018i1p30n3.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Do Imports and Exports Adjust Nonlinearly? Evidence from 100 Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Arize Augustine C.

    (Department of Economics & Finance, College of Business, Texas A&M Univesity-Commerce, Commerce, TX75429, USA)

  • Bahmani-Oskooee Mohsen

    (The Center for Research on International Economics and Department of Economics, The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI53211, USA)

Abstract

A country is said to live within its international budget constraint if its exports and imports are cointegrated. Previous studies that tried to verify the cointegration between exports and imports used linear models and supported the theory in almost 50% of countries. In this paper, when we use the nonlinear ARDL approach and asymmetry cointegration method, we support the long-run link between imports and exports in 94 out of 100 countries in our sample. This study is not only the most comprehensive study in the literature, but it is also the first to show that, indeed, trade flows adjust in a nonlinear fashion.

Suggested Citation

  • Arize Augustine C. & Bahmani-Oskooee Mohsen, 2018. "Do Imports and Exports Adjust Nonlinearly? Evidence from 100 Countries," Global Economy Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 18(1), pages 1-30, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bpj:glecon:v:18:y:2018:i:1:p:30:n:3
    DOI: 10.1515/gej-2017-0094
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/gej-2017-0094
    Download Restriction: For access to full text, subscription to the journal or payment for the individual article is required.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1515/gej-2017-0094?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version below or search for a different version of it.

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Baharumshah, Ahmad Zubaidi & Lau, Evan & Fountas, Stilianos, 2003. "On the sustainability of current account deficits: evidence from four ASEAN countries," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 465-487, June.
    2. Engle, Robert & Granger, Clive, 2015. "Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 39(3), pages 106-135.
    3. Arize, A. C. & Malindretos, John & Grivoyannis, Elias C., 2005. "Inflation-rate volatility and money demand: Evidence from less developed countries," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 57-80.
    4. Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee & Hyun-Jae Rhee, 1997. "Are Imports and Exports of Korea Cointegrated?," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(1), pages 109-114.
    5. Husted, Steven, 1992. "The Emerging U.S. Current Account Deficit in the 1980s: A Cointegration Analysis," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 74(1), pages 159-166, February.
    6. Arize, Augustine C., 2002. "Imports and exports in 50 countries: Tests of cointegration and structural breaks," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 101-115, April.
    7. Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee & Hadise Fariditavana, 2016. "Nonlinear ARDL Approach and the J-Curve Phenomenon," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 27(1), pages 51-70, February.
    8. B. Andreosso‐O’Callaghan & Denis Kan, 2007. "Analysis Of The Current Account Position Of Four Asian Countries Before The 1997 Crisis," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(1), pages 47-61, February.
    9. Tuck Cheong Tang, 2006. "Are Imports And Exports In The Oic Member Countries Cointegrated? A Reexamination," IIUM Journal of Economics and Management, IIUM Journal of Economis and Management, vol. 14(1), pages 49-79, December.
    10. Tuck Cheong Tang, 2006. "A new approach to examining the sustainability of external imbalances: the case of Japan," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(5), pages 287-292.
    11. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    12. Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee & Hadise Fariditavana, 2015. "Nonlinear ARDL approach, asymmetric effects and the J-curve," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 42(3), pages 519-530, August.
    13. Granger, C. W. J., 1988. "Some recent development in a concept of causality," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 39(1-2), pages 199-211.
    14. Paresh Kumar Narayan & Seema Narayan, 2005. "Are exports and imports cointegrated? Evidence from 22 least developed countries," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(6), pages 375-378.
    15. Jamal HUSEIN, 2014. "Are Exports and Imports Cointegrated? Evidence from Nine MENA Countries," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 14(1), pages 123-132.
    16. Paresh Kumar Narayan & Seema Narayan, 2004. "Is There A Long-Run Relationship Between Exports And Imports? Evidence From Two Pacific Island Countries," Economic Papers, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 23(2), pages 152-164, June.
    17. Arize, Augustine C. & Malindretos, John & Igwe, Emmanuel U., 2017. "Do exchange rate changes improve the trade balance: An asymmetric nonlinear cointegration approach," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 313-326.
    18. Albert Wijeweera & John A. Deskins, 2010. "Do recent data provide evidence that the US trade deficit will correct itself?," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(1), pages 31-35, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Garg, Bhavesh & Prabheesh, K.P., 2021. "Testing the intertemporal sustainability of current account in the presence of endogenous structural breaks: Evidence from the top deficit countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 365-379.
    2. Olufemi G. Onatunji, 2023. "Sustainability of current account deficits in Nigeria: evidence from the asymmetric NARDL approach," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 3(10), pages 1-22, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ali Farhan Chaudhry & Abdul Rauf Butt & Muhammad Irfan Chani, 2017. "Long-Run Relationship between Exports and Imports of Pakistan," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 9(8), pages 204-211, August.
    2. Jamal HUSEIN & Chuck PIER, 2019. "Long-Run Sustainability Of Current Account Balance: Evidence From Twenty North And Latin American Economies," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 19(2), pages 75-90.
    3. Jamal HUSEIN, 2014. "Are Exports and Imports Cointegrated? Evidence from Nine MENA Countries," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 14(1), pages 123-132.
    4. Haque, M.I., 2015. "Are exports and imports of Saudi Arabia cointegrated? An empirical study," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 15(1), pages 111-124.
    5. Jungho Baek, 2016. "Analyzing a Long-Run Relationship between Exports and Imports Revisited: Evidence from G-7 Countries," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 36(2), pages 665-676.
    6. Francis Annan, 2011. "Testing Long Run Relationship between Exports and Imports: Evidence from Ghana," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 3(6), pages 381-387.
    7. KHOKHAR, Joga Singh, 2010. "Will India’S Trade Deficit Ever Converge To Zero?- An Application Of Bounds Testing Approach To Co-Integration," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 10(1).
    8. Khyati Kathuria & Nand Kumar, 2022. "Are exports and imports of India’s trading partners cointegrated? Evidence from Fourier bootstrap ARDL procedure," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 62(3), pages 1177-1191, March.
    9. Tahir Mukhtar & Aliya H. Khan, 2016. "The Current Account Deficit Sustainability: An Empirical Investigation for Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 55(4), pages 397-419.
    10. Garg, Bhavesh & Prabheesh, K.P., 2021. "Testing the intertemporal sustainability of current account in the presence of endogenous structural breaks: Evidence from the top deficit countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 365-379.
    11. Mohsen Bahmani‐Oskooee & Augustine C. Arize & Ebere Ume Kalu, 2022. "U.S.‐South America trade and the J‐Curve: An asymmetric analysis," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(12), pages 3858-3872, December.
    12. Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee & Ridha Nouira, 2021. "U.S. – Italy commodity trade and the J-curve: new evidence from asymmetry analysis," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 73-103, February.
    13. Xu, Jia & Bahmani-Oskooee, Mohsen & Karamelikli, Huseyin, 2022. "China’s trade in services and role of the exchange rate: An asymmetric analysis," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 747-757.
    14. Soo Khoon Goh & Tuck Cheong Tang & Chung Yan Sam, 2020. "Are Major US Trading Partners’ Exports and Imports Cointegrated? Evidence from Bootstrap ARDL," Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, National Council of Applied Economic Research, vol. 14(1), pages 7-27, February.
    15. Heidari, Hassan & Katircioglu, Salih Turan & Davoudi, Narmin, 2012. "Are current account deficits sustainable? New evidence from Iran using bounds test approach to level relationships," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 6, pages 1-18.
    16. Chen, Shyh-Wei, 2011. "Are current account deficits really sustainable in the G-7 countries?," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 190-201.
    17. KONYA, Laszlo & SINGH, Jai Pal, 2008. "Are Indian Exports And Imports Cointegrated?," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 8(2), pages 177-186.
    18. Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee & Nazif Durmaz, 2020. "Asymmetric cointegration and the J-curve: evidence from commodity trade between Turkey and EU," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 47(4), pages 757-792, November.
    19. Ahmad Jameel Khadaroo, 2016. "Current Account Deficit in Mauritius: Risks and Prospects," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 84(1), pages 109-128, March.
    20. Bahmani-Oskooee, Mohsen & Karamelikli, Huseyin, 2018. "Japan-U.S. trade balance at commodity level and asymmetric effects of Yen-Dollar rate," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 1-10.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    imports; exports; asymmetry analysis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bpj:glecon:v:18:y:2018:i:1:p:30:n:3. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Peter Golla (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.degruyter.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.