A general model of community formation and human capital accumulation with social spillovers and decentralized school funding is used to analyze the causes of economic segregation and its consequences for equity and efficiency. Significant polarization arises from minor differences in endowments, preferences, or access to capital markets. This makes income inequality more persistent across generations but the same need not be true for wealth. Equilibrium stratification tends to be excessive, resulting in low aggregate surplus. Whether state equalization of school resources can remedy these problems hinges on how purchased, social, and family inputs interact in education and in mobility decisions. Copyright 1996 by The Review of Economic Studies Limited.
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