This paper studies an idealized gold standard in a two-country setting. Without flexible national domestic credit expansion policies, the standard collapses in finite time through a speculative attack against one of the currencies. When a responsive domestic credit expansion policy eliminates the danger of a run on a country's reserves, the shocks disturbing the system, which previously were reflected in reserve flows, now show up in the public debt. Unless the primary government deficit is permitted to respond, the debt is likely to rise (or fall) to unsustainable levels. Viability can be achieved only through the active use of monetary and fiscal policy. Copyright 1989 by The Review of Economic Studies Limited.
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Daniel, Betty C, 2001.
"A Fiscal Theory of Currency Crises,"
International Economic Review,
Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 42(4), pages 969-88, November.