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Energy‐GDP relationship for oil‐exporting countries: Iran, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia

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  • Mohsen Mehrara

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine the causality issue between energy consumption and economic growth for three typical oil‐exporting countries: Iran, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. We use two different test methods to test for causality, namely, the error correction model and Toda‐Yamamoto (1995) procedure. The results based on both approaches consistently show a unidirectional long‐run causality from economic growth to energy consumption for Iran and Kuwait and unidirectional strong causality from energy consumption to economic growth for Saudi Arabia. So, the results support the neutrality hypothesis of energy consumption with respect to economic growth for Iran and Kuwait and vice versa for Saudi Arabia. The findings have practical policy implications for decision makers in the area of macroeconomic planning, as energy conservation is a feasible policy with no damaging repercussions on economic growth for Iran and Kuwait. However, increased GDP requires enormous energy consumption in Saudi Arabia. So, it seems misleading to recommend the same policy for different oil‐exporting countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohsen Mehrara, 2007. "Energy‐GDP relationship for oil‐exporting countries: Iran, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia," OPEC Energy Review, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, vol. 31(1), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:opecrv:v:31:y:2007:i:1:p:1-16
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0076.2007.00173.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Bowden, Nicholas & Payne, James E., 2009. "The causal relationship between U.S. energy consumption and real output: A disaggregated analysis," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 180-188.
    2. Farzana Sharmin & Mohammed Robayet Khan & Mohammed Robayet Khan, 2016. "A Causal Relationship between Energy Consumption, Energy Prices and Economic Growth in Africa," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 6(3), pages 477-494.
    3. Cosimo Magazzino, 2016. "The relationship between real GDP, CO2 emissions, and energy use in the GCC countries: A time series approach," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(1), pages 1152729-115, December.
    4. Floriana Florestano, 2013. "Hydrocarbon exploitation and macroeconomic performance: a structural var approach for Basilicata1," ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2013(1), pages 147-174.
    5. Mustafa SAATC & Yasemin DUMRUL, 2013. "The Relationship Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence From A Structural Break Analysis For Turkey," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 3(1), pages 20-29.
    6. Jalil, Abdul, 2014. "Energy–growth conundrum in energy exporting and importing countries: Evidence from heterogeneous panel methods robust to cross-sectional dependence," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 314-324.
    7. Waheed A. Banafea, 2014. "Structural Breaks and Causality Relationship between Economic Growth and Energy Consumption in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 4(4), pages 726-734.
    8. Natalya KETENCİ & Ebru Tomris AYDOĞAN, 2019. "Determinants of Economic Growth in Turkey in the Presence of Structural Breaks," Sosyoekonomi Journal, Sosyoekonomi Society, issue 27(42).
    9. Mohammad Al-Zuhair & Talal AL-Bazali, 2022. "Causality Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: The Case of Kuwait," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(6), pages 22-29, November.
    10. Eisa Maboudian & Khashayar Seyyed-Shokri, 2016. "Aggregate and Disaggregate Energy Consumption Relation with GDP: Evidence for Iran," Iranian Economic Review (IER), Faculty of Economics,University of Tehran.Tehran,Iran, vol. 20(2), pages 163-174, Spring.
    11. Fotis, Panagiotis & Karkalakos, Sotiris & Asteriou, Dimitrios, 2017. "The relationship between energy demand and real GDP growth rate: The role of price asymmetries and spatial externalities within 34 countries across the globe," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 69-84.
    12. Syed Zwick, Hélène & Syed, Sarfaraz Ali Shah & Liddle, Brantley & Lung, Sidney, 2017. "Disaggregated relationship between economic growth and energy use in OECD countries: Time-series and cross-country evidence," MPRA Paper 93271, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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