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Animating the Pioneer versus Late Entrant Debate: An Historic Case Study

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  • Alan Bryman

Abstract

This paper examines the debate about whether early entrants/pioneers to an industry enjoy long–term advantage over their successors. While most of the research suggests that pioneers are advantaged, there are methodological problems with these studies that tend to enhance the likelihood that pioneers will be found to be more successful. Through a case study of the US animation industry, it is shown that being a late entrant was almost certainly advantageous to some of the companies concerned. The paper explores the reasons why some late entrants prevailed over others and some of the mechanisms that allowed late entrants to overcome pioneers. The factors involved in survival relative to pioneers include the limited protection of patents, complacency, the mobility of staff with expertise in a new technology (in this case cel animation), and the neglected importance of managerial and organizational factors. It is shown that the findings also have implications for the population ecology approach.

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  • Alan Bryman, 1997. "Animating the Pioneer versus Late Entrant Debate: An Historic Case Study," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(3), pages 415-438, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jomstd:v:34:y:1997:i:3:p:415-438
    DOI: 10.1111/1467-6486.00057
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    Cited by:

    1. Li, Ji & Lam, Kevin C. K. & Karakowsky, Leonard & Qian, Gongming, 2003. "Firm resource and first mover advantages: A case of foreign direct investment (FDI) in China," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 12(5), pages 625-645, October.
    2. Morgan, Robert E. & Strong, Carolyn A., 2003. "Business performance and dimensions of strategic orientation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 56(3), pages 163-176, March.
    3. Sofka, Wolfgang & Schmidt, Tobias, 2004. "I Like The Way You Move: An Empirical Investigation into the Mechanisms Behind First Mover and Follower Strategies," ZEW Discussion Papers 04-87, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    4. Coelho, Bruno Viana & de Mello, Renato Cotta & da Rocha, Angela, 2014. "Leblon Cachaça: A born global in a traditional industry," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(4), pages 567-575.
    5. Aoyama, Yuko & Izushi, Hiro, 2003. "Hardware gimmick or cultural innovation? Technological, cultural, and social foundations of the Japanese video game industry," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 423-444, March.
    6. Andrea Morrison & Ron Boschma, 2019. "The spatial evolution of the Italian motorcycle industry (1893–1993): Klepper’s heritage theory revisited," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 28(3), pages 613-634.
    7. John P. Tang, 2011. "Technological leadership and late development: evidence from Meiji Japan, 1868–1912," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 64(s1), pages 99-116, February.
    8. Chee Yew Wong & Ruihong Gao, 2008. "Creative Industry in UK, Japan and China: A supply chain management perspective," Discussion Papers 2008-01, Kobe University, Graduate School of Business Administration.

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