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Market Structure, Internal Capital Markets, and the Boundaries of the Firm

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  • RICHMOND D. MATHEWS
  • DAVID T. ROBINSON

Abstract

We study how the creation of an internal capital market (ICM) can invite strategic responses in product markets that, in turn, shape firm boundaries. ICMs provide ex post resource flexibility, but come with ex ante commitment costs. Alternatively, stand‐alones possess commitment ability but lack flexibility. By creating flexibility, integration can sometimes deter a rival's entry, but commitment problems can also invite predatory capital raising. These forces drive different organizational equilibria depending on the integrator's relation to the product market. Hybrid organizational forms like strategic alliances can sometimes dominate integration by offering some of its benefits with fewer strategic costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Richmond D. Mathews & David T. Robinson, 2008. "Market Structure, Internal Capital Markets, and the Boundaries of the Firm," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 63(6), pages 2703-2736, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jfinan:v:63:y:2008:i:6:p:2703-2736
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01395.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Domenico Scalera & Alberto Zazzaro, 2009. "Do Inter-Firm Networks Make Access to Finance Easier? Issues and Empirical Evidence," Mo.Fi.R. Working Papers 25, Money and Finance Research group (Mo.Fi.R.) - Univ. Politecnica Marche - Dept. Economic and Social Sciences.
    2. Zhaozhao He & Han Yu & Lijing Du, 2020. "Cohabitation before marriage: do prior alliances enhance post-merger performance?," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 1315-1349, May.
    3. Seru, Amit, 2014. "Firm boundaries matter: Evidence from conglomerates and R&D activity," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(2), pages 381-405.
    4. Boutin, Xavier & Cestone, Giacinta & Fumagalli, Chiara & Pica, Giovanni & Serrano-Velarde, Nicolas, 2013. "The deep-pocket effect of internal capital markets," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(1), pages 122-145.
    5. Bodnaruk, Andriy & Manconi, Alberto & Massa, Massimo, 2016. "Cross-border alliances and risk management," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 22-49.
    6. Siraj, Ibrahim & Hassan, M. Kabir & Maroney, Neal, 2020. "Product demand sensitivity and the corporate diversification discount," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    7. Ron Adner & Peter Zemsky, 2016. "Diversification and Performance: Linking Relatedness, Market Structure, and the Decision to Diversify," Strategy Science, INFORMS, vol. 1(1), pages 32-55, March.
    8. Giacomo Rodano & Emanuele Tarantino & Nicolas Serrano-Velarde, 2012. "Bankruptcy Law and the Cost of Banking Finance," Working Papers 1218, Oxford University Centre for Business Taxation.
    9. Curtiss, Jarmila, 2012. "Determinants of Financial Capital Use: Review of theories and implications for rural businesses," Factor Markets Working Papers 123, Centre for European Policy Studies.
    10. Huang, Chenchen & Luo, Di & Mukherjee, Soumyatanu & Mishra, Tapas, 2022. "To Acquire or to Ally? Managing Partners’ Environmental Risk in International Expansion," MPRA Paper 117591, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 07 Jan 2023.
    11. Habib, Michel A. & Mella-Barral, Pierre, 2013. "Skills, core capabilities, and the choice between merging, allying, and trading assets," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 31-48.
    12. Dirk Hackbarth & Richmond Mathews & David Robinson, 2014. "Capital Structure, Product Market Dynamics, and the Boundaries of the Firm," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 60(12), pages 2971-2993, December.
    13. Sertsios, Giorgo, 2020. "Corporate finance, industrial organization, and organizational economics," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    14. Fernando Anjos & Cesare Fracassi, 2015. "Shopping for Information? Diversification and the Network of Industries," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 61(1), pages 161-183, January.
    15. Andrey Malenko, 2011. "Optimal Design of Internal Capital Markets," 2011 Meeting Papers 442, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    16. Fang, Yiwei & Francis, Bill & Hasan, Iftekhar & Wang, Haizhi, 2012. "Product market relationships and cost of bank loans: Evidence from strategic alliances," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 19(5), pages 653-674.
    17. Guillaume Horny & Supriya Kapoor, 2021. "Investment Response to Monetary Policy in a Low Interest Rate Environment: Evidence from the ECB's Corporate QE," Trinity Economics Papers tep1121, Trinity College Dublin, Department of Economics.
    18. Bodnaruk, Andriy & Massa, Massimo & Simonov, Andrei, 2013. "Alliances and corporate governance," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(3), pages 671-693.
    19. Curtiss, Jarmila, 2012. "Determinants of Financial Capital Use: Review of theories and implications for rural businesses," Working papers 122846, Factor Markets, Centre for European Policy Studies.

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