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Ecological Gentrification: A Research Agenda Exploring Justice in the City

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  • SARAH DOOLING

Abstract

In this symposium convened to celebrate the tenth anniversary of David Harvey's Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference, it is fitting to re‐visit key themes in that seminal work, including: (1) the mutual reciprocity between social and environmental changes; and (2) the contradictions that emerge from a dialectical analysis of these changes in urban spaces. In challenging scholars to explore the spatial dialectics associated with environmental and social changes, Harvey's political and intellectual project included demonstrating the dialectical linkages between notions of justice and nature in urban environments. My work responds to Harvey's challenge by documenting how the ideological constructions of home, homeless and public green space produce and perpetuate injustices experienced materially and spatially in the daily lives of homeless people living in urban green spaces. Using Agamben's notion of bare life as my analytic framework, I explore two issues: (1) the disconnection between notions of home articulated by homeless people living in green spaces and the ideological constructions of homeless espoused by government and planning agencies; and (2) the tensions in urban green spaces resulting from homeless people who have opted to live there because all other options are not viable for them, and the ideological constructions of urban green spaces developed by the city parks department and housed citizens involved in planning for future green spaces in the city. I present the concept of ecological gentrification, which I define as the implementation of an environmental planning agenda related to public green spaces that leads to the displacement or exclusion of the most economically vulnerable human population — homeless people — while espousing an environmental ethic. I conclude by advocating a robust pluralism of home and public green spaces as an initial movement towards renegotiating concepts of justice in urban areas. I present short‐ and long‐term strategies for resisting the displacement, exclusion and expulsion of homeless individuals from public urban green spaces with the goal of improving their material and spatial lives, and argue that such strategies require a re‐imagined practice of urban ecological planning that draws inspiration from Harvey's commitment to producing spaces of justice, nature and difference. Résumé Dans ce symposium à l’occasion du dixième anniversaire de l’ouvrage majeur de David Harvey, Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference (1996), il convient d’en revisiter les grands thèmes: la réciprocité mutuelle entre les changements sociaux et environnementaux, et les contradictions nées d’une analyse dialectique de ceux‐ci dans les espaces urbains. En proposant aux chercheurs d’explorer la dialectique spatiale associée aux changements environnementaux et sociaux, le projet intellectuel et politique de Harvey couvrait la démonstration des liens dialectiques entre les notions de justice et de nature dans les environnements urbains. Je réponds à la proposition de Harvey en montrant comment les constructions idéologiques de home, homeless et public green space (chez‐soi, sans‐abri et espace vert public) génèrent et perpétuent des injustices sur les plans matériel et spatial dans la vie quotidienne des sans‐abri vivant dans les espaces verts des villes. Empruntant à Agamben la notion de «vie nue» comme cadre analytique, j’explore deux aspects: d’une part, la déconnexion entre les notions de ‘chez‐soi’ déclinées par les sans‐abri vivant dans les espaces verts et les constructions idéologiques du ‘sans‐abri’ adoptées par les organismes gouvernementaux et d’urbanisme; d’autre part, les tensions dans les espaces verts urbains provenant des sans‐abri qui ont choisi d’y vivre en l’absence de toute autre option viable pour eux, et les constructions idéologiques des espaces verts urbains élaborées par le service des Parcs municipaux et les habitants logés impliqués dans l’aménagement des futurs espaces verts de la ville. Je présente le concept de ‘gentrification écologique’, défini comme la mise en œuvre d’un programme d’aménagement de l’environnement relatif aux espaces verts publics qui conduit au déplacement ou à l’exclusion des populations les plus vulnérables sur le plan économique (les sans‐abri) tout en respectant une éthique environnementale. Je défends en conclusion un pluralisme énergique de ‘chez‐soi’ et d’‘espaces verts publics’ comme premier mouvement vers une renégociation des concepts de justice dans les zones urbaines. Des stratégies à court et long terme sont présentées pour résister au déplacement, à l’exclusion et à l’expulsion des sans‐abri des espaces verts urbains dans le but d’améliorer leur vie matérielle et spatiale, ces stratégies exigeant à mon sens de ré‐imaginer l’aménagement écologique urbain en s’inspirant de la volonté de Harvey de produire des espaces de justice, de nature et de différence.

Suggested Citation

  • Sarah Dooling, 2009. "Ecological Gentrification: A Research Agenda Exploring Justice in the City," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(3), pages 621-639, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:33:y:2009:i:3:p:621-639
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00860.x
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    1. Erik Swyngedouw, 2009. "The Antinomies of the Postpolitical City: In Search of a Democratic Politics of Environmental Production," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(3), pages 601-620, September.
    2. Tom Slater, 2006. "The Eviction of Critical Perspectives from Gentrification Research," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(4), pages 737-757, December.
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