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The Internet and Civil Society: Environmental and Labour Organizations in Hong Kong

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  • YIN‐WAH CHU
  • JAMES T.H. TANG

Abstract

To what extent has the internet strengthened civil society? In which ways have civil society organizations (CSOs) used the internet to communicate their missions, enhance the discussion of public issues, extend networks and mobilize collective actions? This article seeks to answer these and related questions by reporting on an empirical study in Hong Kong. The study involves an analysis of the web pages launched by 14 environmental groups and 22 labour organizations on the one hand, and in‐depth interviews with representatives of five of these organizations on the other. Due to the lack of resources and low level of e‐readiness among most CSOs, as well as the prevalence of a parochial outlook among most labour organizations, the new technology has only found limited application in Hong Kong. At the same time, due to a top‐down management orientation, the leaders of these CSOs have been more inclined to use the technology to communicate with each other than to build networks with rank‐and‐file members and supporters. Nonetheless, the findings of this study suggest that the technology has much potential for pluralizing public discourse, involving more people in rational‐critical discussion of key public issues, as well as enhancing the capacity of existing CSOs to develop a sense of community and get mobilized. The technology also facilitates the emergence of novel types of collective action and as such taps into resources that are otherwise unavailable. In addition, the new technology makes it possible for individual activists to seek each other out, further cultivate their sense of community and launch collective actions on issues ignored by existing CSOs. Finally, it is through the synergy of online/offline discourses and activities that the internet exerts much of its positive impact on the expansion of civil society. Dans quelle mesure internet a‐t‐il renforcé la société civile? Comment les organisations de la société civile (OSC) ont‐elles utilisé internet pour annoncer leurs missions, améliorer le débat sur les questions publiques, prolonger les réseaux et mobiliser des actions collectives? Pour répondre à ces questions et à d’autres, l’article rend compte d’une étude empirique sur Hong‐Kong. Celle‐ci couvre, d’une part, l’analyse de pages Web créées par 14 groupes environnementaux et 22 organisations syndicales et, d’autre part, des entretiens approfondis avec des représentants de cinq de ces entités. La pénurie de ressources et le faible niveau de maturité en nouvelles technologies au sein de la plupart des OSC, ainsi que la vision étriquée de la plupart des organismes syndicaux, ont conduit à des applications limitées de ces technologies à Hong‐Kong. Parallèlement, à cause d’un fonctionnement hiérarchisé, les dirigeants de ces OSC ont eu davantage tendance à recourir à la technologie pour communiquer entre eux que pour bâtir des réseaux avec des membres de base et des partisans. Néanmoins, d’après l’étude, la technologie peut permettre de diversifier le discours public en impliquant davantage de personnes pour débattre de manière rationnelle et critique des problèmes publics essentiels et en renforçant la capacité des OSC existantes à développer un sens communautaire et à mobiliser. De plus, la technologie facilite l’apparition de nouveaux types d’action collective, puisant ainsi dans des ressources par ailleurs inaccessibles. En outre, la nouvelle technologie permet aux militants de s’adresser les uns aux autres, de nourrir leur sens communautaire et de lancer des actions communes sur des aspects délaissés par les OSC existantes. Pour finir, c’est grâce à la synergie des activités et discours en ligne et classiques qu’internet exerce une grande part de son impact positif sur l’essor de la société civile.

Suggested Citation

  • Yin‐Wah Chu & James T.H. Tang, 2005. "The Internet and Civil Society: Environmental and Labour Organizations in Hong Kong," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(4), pages 849-866, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:29:y:2005:i:4:p:849-866
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00625.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Sabatini, Fabio & Sarracino, Francesco, 2013. "Will Facebook save or destroy social capital? An empirical investigation into the effect of online interactions on trust and networks," EconStor Preprints 88145, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    2. M. Sodini & F. Sabatini & A. Antoci, 2014. "Online and offline social participation and social poverty traps. Can social networks save human relations?," Working Paper CRENoS 201404, Centre for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia.
    3. Fabio Sabatini & Francesco Sarracino, 2014. "E-participation: Social Capital and the Internet," Working Papers 2014.81, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.

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