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Multiculturalism in Canada: Accidental Discourse, Alternative Vision, Urban Practice

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  • PATRICIA K. WOOD
  • LIETTE GILBERT

Abstract

Multiculturalism became an official policy of the Canadian government in 1971. Since then, Canada has been cited as a world leader in diversity issues and a model of social engineering and institutional arrangement. In particular, former Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau is remembered as its visionary author. Another debate, mostly internal to Canada, criticizes the Multiculturalism Act as limited and flawed, and questions its impact. The present article submits that multiculturalism as a policy is not the product of longstanding, intentional initiatives, but more an ‘accident’ or a coincidence of several factors. Moreover, multiculturalism as a social reality and/or nationalist vision is not the result of the policy, but a deeper social history. Canadians, even scholars, know very little about why multiculturalism ‘works’ or does not work, and why it has taken root in different ways in different cities. We suggest a theory regarding the central role of urban public space, not only as a decreed place for public life, but rather as the place for an emerging process of democracy. En 1971, le multiculturalisme est devenu une politique officielle du gouvernement canadien. Depuis, le Canada a été cité en exemple sur les questions de diversité et en modèle pour la construction sociale et l’aménagement institutionnel. L’ancien Premier Ministre, Pierre Elliott Trudeau, s’est notamment inscrit dans les esprits comme son créateur visionnaire. Un autre débat, national pour l’essentiel, critique la Loi sur le Multiculturalisme comme étant limitée et imparfaite, et remet en cause son impact. Cet article avance que le multiculturalisme en tant que politique n’est pas le produit d’initiatives intentionnelles sur le long terme, mais plutôt un ‘accident’ ou une coïncidence entre plusieurs facteurs. De plus, le multiculturalisme en tant que réalité sociale et/ou vision nationaliste ne résulte pas de la politique, mais d’une histoire sociale plus profonde. Les Canadiens, intellectuels compris, en savent très peu sur ce qui fit que le multiculturalisme ‘marche’ ou pas, et qu’il s’ancre de manières différentes dans des villes différentes. L’article présente une théorie sur le rôle central de l’espace public urbain, non seulement en tant que lieu décrété pour la vie publique, mais surtout comme site pour un processus de démocratie naissant.

Suggested Citation

  • Patricia K. Wood & Liette Gilbert, 2005. "Multiculturalism in Canada: Accidental Discourse, Alternative Vision, Urban Practice," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(3), pages 679-691, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:29:y:2005:i:3:p:679-691
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00612.x
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