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New Paradigms in Stock Market Indexing

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  • Derek Jun
  • Burton G. Malkiel

Abstract

Considerable recent interest has been shown in a new set of stock‐market indices that are weighted by fundamental factors such as sales, earnings, dividends or book values, rather than by capitalization. In this paper, we analyze the performance of Fundamental Indexing™ (“FI”). First, we show that the source of FI's recent excellent performance is not from its ability to systematically arbitrage mispricing in a noisy market but from increasing the portfolio's exposure to stocks with low price‐to‐book values and with small capitalizations. We find that FI does not produce a positive alpha when its excess returns are explained by the Fama‐French three‐factor model of CAPM beta, the value premium and the size premium. Second, we show that it is possible to construct a portfolio of exchange‐traded funds with similar factor loadings that can replicate, and sometimes, even outperform FI. However, we caution investors not to expect consistent outperformance from portfolios tilted towards value and small‐cap stocks. Historical data shows evidence of mean reversion in the performance of such strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Derek Jun & Burton G. Malkiel, 2008. "New Paradigms in Stock Market Indexing," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 14(1), pages 118-126, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:eufman:v:14:y:2008:i:1:p:118-126
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-036X.2007.00432.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fama, Eugene F & French, Kenneth R, 1992. "The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 47(2), pages 427-465, June.
    2. Basu, Sanjoy, 1983. "The relationship between earnings' yield, market value and return for NYSE common stocks : Further evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 129-156, June.
    3. Fama, Eugene F. & French, Kenneth R., 1993. "Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 3-56, February.
    4. Giovanni Petrella, 2005. "Are Euro Area Small Cap Stocks an Asset Class? Evidence from Mean‐Variance Spanning Tests," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 11(2), pages 229-253, March.
    5. Banz, Rolf W., 1981. "The relationship between return and market value of common stocks," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 3-18, March.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Burton G. Malkiel & Derek Jun, 2009. "The Value Effect and the Market For Chinese Stocks," Working Papers 1177, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies..
    2. Anup K. Basu & Brigette Forbes & Henk Berkman, 2014. "Does fundamental indexation lead to better risk-adjusted returns? New evidence from Australian Securities Exchange," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 54(3), pages 699-728, September.
    3. Christian Walkshäusl & Sebastian Lobe, 2010. "Fundamental indexing around the world," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 19(3), pages 117-127, August.
    4. Walkshäusl, Christian & Lobe, Sebastian, 2010. "Fundamental indexing around the world," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(3), pages 117-127, August.
    5. Michael Dempsey, 2015. "Stock Markets, Investments and Corporate Behavior:A Conceptual Framework of Understanding," World Scientific Books, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., number p1007, December.
    6. Balatti, Mirco & Brooks, Chris & Kappou, Konstantina, 2017. "Fundamental indexation revisited: New evidence on alpha," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1-15.
    7. Malkiel, Burton & Jun, Derek, 2009. "The "value" effect and the market for Chinese stocks," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 10(4), pages 227-241, December.
    8. Brigette Forbes & Anup Basu, 2011. "Does Fundamental Indexation Lead to Better Risk Adjusted Returns? New Evidence from Australian Securities Exchange," School of Economics and Finance Discussion Papers and Working Papers Series 275, School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology.
    9. Burton G. Malkiel & Derek Jun, 2009. "The Value Effect and the Market For Chinese Stocks," Working Papers 1177, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies..
    10. Feng, Wenjun & Zhang, Zhengjun, 2023. "Risk-weighted cryptocurrency indices," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    11. Isaac T. Tabner, 2012. "In Defence of Capitalisation Weights: Evidence from the FTSE 100 and S&P 500 Indices," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 18(1), pages 142-161, January.
    12. Tienyu Hwang & Simon Gao & Heather Owen, 2014. "Markowitz efficiency and size effect: evidence from the UK stock market," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 43(4), pages 721-750, November.
    13. repec:pri:cepsud:188malkiel is not listed on IDEAS

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