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The economic crisis of the 1990s in Finland

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Author Info
Seppo Honkapohja
Erkki Koskela

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Abstract

"In the 1990s, Finland underwent a deep depression as its GDP dropped about 14% and unemployment rose from 3 to almost 20%. This is a story of bad luck and bad policies. Bad luck took the form of external shocks: the collapse of trade with the former Soviet Union in 1991, but also sharp cycles in the OECD area. However, bad luck is far from being the whole story. In the absence of bad policies, Finland would have experienced a recession, not a depression. Bad policies included a poorly designed financial regulation and mistaken reactions to the onset of the crisis. Of particular interest is the role of financial factors in triggering the crisis and aggravating the effects of bad policies. Not only were consumption and investment spending hurt by the credit crunch, but there is evidence that the private sector's indebtedness has increased structural unemployment, which explains why the recovery is proceeding with few job creations. A number of general lessons emerge. They concern the deregulation of financial markets, the policy reaction to massive capital inflows and the role of employment policies." Copyright Centre for Economic Policy Research, Center for Economic Studies, Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, 1999.

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File URL: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-0327.00054
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Article provided by CEPR, CES, MSH in its journal Economic Policy.

Volume (Year): 14 (1999)
Issue (Month): 29 (October)
Pages: 399-436
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Handle: RePEc:bla:ecpoli:v:14:y:1999:i:29:p:399-436

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References listed on IDEAS
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  2. Bacchetta, Philippe & van Wincoop, Eric, 1998. "Capital Flows to Emerging Markets: Liberalization, Overshooting and Volatility," CEPR Discussion Papers 1889, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  3. R. Glenn Hubbard, 1995. "Is There a `Credit Channel' for Monetary Policy?," NBER Working Papers 4977, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Seppo Honkapohja & Erkki Koskela & Jouko Paunio, 1996. "The depression of the 1990s in Finland : an analytic view," Finnish Economic Papers, Finnish Economic Association, vol. 9(1), pages 37-54, Spring. [Downloadable!]
  5. Philippe BACCHETTA & Stefan GERLACH, 1997. "Consumption and Credit Constraints : International Evidence," Cahiers de Recherches Economiques du Département d'Econométrie et d'Economie politique (DEEP) 9707, Université de Lausanne, Faculté des HEC, DEEP.
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  6. Lockwood, Ben & Manning, Alan, 1993. "Wage setting and the tax system theory and evidence for the United Kingdom," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 1-29, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  10. Stephen D. Oliner & Glenn D. Rudebusch, 1996. "Is there a broad credit channel for monetary policy?," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, pages 3-13. [Downloadable!]
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  11. Douglas Staiger & James H. Stock, 1997. "Instrumental Variables Regression with Weak Instruments," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 65(3), pages 557-586, May.
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  12. Giavazzi, Francesco & Pagano, Marco, 1995. "Non-Keynesian Effects of Fiscal Policy Changes: International Evidence and the Swedish Experience," CEPR Discussion Papers 1284, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  13. Assar Lindbeck, 1997. "The Swedish Experiment," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 35(3), pages 1273-1319, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Sebastian Edwards, 1998. "Capital Inflows into Latin America: A Stop-Go Story?," NBER Working Papers 6441, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  16. Stephen G. Cecchetti, 1995. "Distinguishing theories of the monetary transmission mechanism," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, issue May, pages 83-97. [Downloadable!]
  17. Agell, Jonas & Berg, Lennart, 1996. " Does Financial Deregulation Cause a Consumption Boom?," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 98(4), pages 579-601, December.
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  19. Edison, Hali J & Luangaram, Pongsak & Miller, Marcus, 1998. "Asset Bubbles, Domino Effects and 'Lifeboats': Elements of the East Asian Crisis," CEPR Discussion Papers 1866, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Hans Gerhard Heidle, 1999. "Market Microstructure and Asset Pricing: A Survey," Discussion Papers 691, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy. [Downloadable!]
  2. Saarivirta, Toni & Consoli, Davide, 2007. "Where Did They Go? A Study on Newly Established Universities and Graduate Mobility in Finland," MPRA Paper 11377, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  3. Mika Maliranta, 2001. "Productivity Growth and Micro-level Restructuring. Finnish experiences during the turbulent decades," Discussion Papers 757, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy. [Downloadable!]
  4. Kari Alho, 2002. "The Stability Pack and Inefficiencies in Fiscal Policy Making in EMU," Discussion Papers 715, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy. [Downloadable!]
  5. Heikki Hella & Reijo Mankinen, 1999. "Alcoholic Beverage Taxation: Alternatives and Impacts," Discussion Papers 696, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy. [Downloadable!]
  6. Kilponen, Juha, 2009. "Euler consumption equation with non-separable preferences over consumption and leisure and collateral constraints," Research Discussion Papers 9/2009, Bank of Finland. [Downloadable!]
  7. Ari Hyytinen & Ilkka Kuosa & Tuomas Takalo, 2001. "Law or Finance: Evidence from Finland (Revised version 25.09.2002))," Discussion Papers 775, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy. [Downloadable!]
  8. Gorodnichenko, Yuriy & Mendoza, Enrique G. & Tesar, Linda L., 2009. "The Finnish Great Depression: From Russia with Love," IZA Discussion Papers 4113, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
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  9. Petri Böckerman & Mika Maliranta, 2002. "Regional Disparties in Gross Job and the Worker Flows in Finland," Discussion Papers 716, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy. [Downloadable!]
  10. Marek Jarociński, 2008. "Responses to monetary policy shocks in the east and the west of Europe - a comparison," Working Paper Series 970, European Central Bank. [Downloadable!]
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  11. Olli Castrén & Tuomas Takalo, 2000. "Capital market development, corporate governance and the credibility of exchange rate pegs," Working Paper Series 34, European Central Bank. [Downloadable!]
  12. Verick, Sher, 2009. "Who Is Hit Hardest during a Financial Crisis? The Vulnerability of Young Men and Women to Unemployment in an Economic Downturn," IZA Discussion Papers 4359, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  13. Hannu Piekkola & Petri Böckerman, 2002. "On Whom Falls the Burden of Restructuring? Evidence from Finland," Discussion Papers 714, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy. [Downloadable!]
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