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Analisis del efecto de los mercados de agua sobre el beneficio de las explotaciones, la contaminacion por nitratos y el empleo eventual agrario

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  • Calatrava-Leyva, Javier
  • Colmenero, Alberto Garrido

Abstract

RESUMEN - La evidencia disponible sobre los efectos externos de los mercados de agua actualmente en funcionamiento es contradictoria. Algunos trabajos demuestran que el intercambio de agua reduce la contaminación derivada de los sistemas productivos del regadío, mientras que otros concluyen lo contrario. El uso combinado de tasas sobre el input contaminante y la implantación de un mercado de agua plantea incentivos a los productores con resultados ambiguos, entre otras razones porque agua y fertilización no son sustitutivos. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el efecto conjunto del establecimiento de un hipotético mercado de agua entre agricultores y un impuesto sobre el nitrógeno sobre la rentabilidad de las explotaciones, la contaminación por nitratos y la demanda de mano de obra eventual. Para ello se plantean y desarrollan dos modelos de programación no lineal que simulan la conducta de los regantes y el funcionamiento de un mercado de aguas entre comunidades de regantes de la Cuenca del Guadalquivir. Los resultados muestran que los intercambios de agua suponen un mayor uso de mano de obra y un incremento del excedente económico, si bien a costa de un cierto incremento en la contaminación por nitratos. La reducción de contaminación que produce el gravamen al nitrógeno se atenúa cuando los regantes pueden intercambiar el agua, al tiempo que se mitiga también el efecto renta negativo causado por la tasa al nitrógeno. No existe ambigüedad alguna sobre el aumento del empleo estacional derivado del intercambio de agua. SUMMARY - The evidence available about the external effects of functioning water markets is ambiguous. While some authors have shown that water exchanges diminishes the polluting effects of irrigated agriculture, others conclude otherwise. The joint use of contaminant input taxes and the establishment of water markets gives rise to ambiguous results, because water and fertilisers are not substitutes. The objective of this paper is to examine the joint effects of establishing an hypothetical spot water market among farmers and a nitrogen tax on irrigators' benefits, nitrogen pollution and hired external labour. Two non-linear models are formulated and developed that simulate irrigators' behaviour and the functioning of inter-district water markets in the Guadalquivir basin. Results show that water markets would increase hired farm labour and irrigators' surplus, though at the cost of increasing nitrates pollution. The reduction of nitrates contamination achieved by the tax is attenuated as a result of water exchanges, which in turn contribute to reduce the negative income effects caused by the nitrates tax. Water markets increase unambiguously the social benefits resulting from increasing hired labour.

Suggested Citation

  • Calatrava-Leyva, Javier & Colmenero, Alberto Garrido, 2001. "Analisis del efecto de los mercados de agua sobre el beneficio de las explotaciones, la contaminacion por nitratos y el empleo eventual agrario," Economia Agraria y Recursos Naturales, Spanish Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 1(02), pages 1-21, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:earnsa:28738
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.28738
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    References listed on IDEAS

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