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A Strategic Perspective on Competition between Pipeline Gas and LNG

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  • Robert A. Ritz

Abstract

Global gas markets feature two types of suppliers: piped gas and LNG exporters. Pipelines have a high degree of "asset specificity" : once built, they are physically bound to a particular route. LNG is transported by tanker, with a choice of export markets. Put simply: LNG is mobile, pipelines are not. This paper uses game-theoretic modelling to show how its commitment to serving a single market confers a strategic advantage on piped gas. By "overinvesting" in its own market, a pipeline exporter can induce LNG rivals to shift sales to their other markets. The model helps understand competition between Russian piped gas and Qatari LNG. It shows how Russia's dependence on Europe can be good news for gas buyers, why these nonetheless strongly benefit from diversifying into LNG imports, and how the Herfindahl index of imports can mismeasure "supply security" . The paper also discusses Russia's evolving gas export strategy, including gas deals with China.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert A. Ritz, 2019. "A Strategic Perspective on Competition between Pipeline Gas and LNG," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 5).
    • Handle: RePEc:aen:journl:ej40-5-ritz
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    Cited by:

    1. Hatipoglu, Emre & Soytas, Mehmet Ali & Belaïd, Fateh, 2023. "Environmental consequences of geopolitical crises: The case of economic sanctions and emissions," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    2. Vitor Miguel Ribeiro & Gustavo Soutinho & Isabel Soares, 2023. "Natural Gas Prices in the Framework of European Union’s Energy Transition: Assessing Evolution and Drivers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-46, February.
    3. Lavissière, Alexandre & Sohier, Romain & Lavissière, Mary C., 2020. "Transportation systems in the Arctic: A systematic literature review using textometry," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 130-146.

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    JEL classification:

    • F0 - International Economics - - General

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