Liquidity considerations will limit the number of markets in a competitive economy. Welfare implications are ambigious. Since liquidity is a positive externality, there may be too little liquidity per market at a noncooperative equilibrium and too many markets compared to the surplus-maximizing market structure. But liquidity is also self-reinforcing. Given an existing equilibrium, new markets may not open because nobody wants to use a new market with low liquidity. There may be too few markets to achieve efficiency. A nondiscriminating monopolist will operate smaller and more numerous markets compared to optimality as well as to the equilibrium of independent auctioneers. Copyright 1988 by American Economic Association.
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Edward P. Lazear, 1995.
"Culture and Language,"
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